top of page
 |  |
|---|---|
 |  |
 |
Understanding Cranial Deformities
(Cranial Shape Abnormalities)
Cranial deformities, also known as cranial shape abnormalities, refer to irregular head shapes that develop in infants. These conditions are generally caused by external pressures or premature closure of cranial sutures. Below is a detailed explanation of the three most common types: plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and scaphocephaly.
Plagiocephaly
Plagiocephaly is a condition where one side of the skull becomes flattened, leading to an asymmetrical head shape. It is often referred to as "flat head syndrome."
Causes:
-
Positional plagiocephaly: Prolonged pressure on one area of the skull, often due to babies lying in the same position for extended periods (e.g., during sleep or time spent in car seats, swings, or strollers).
-
Torticollis: Tight neck muscles causing the baby to consistently favor one side.
-
Craniosynostosis: A rare condition where one or more sutures in the skull close prematurely, requiring medical intervention.
Appearance:
-
Flattening on one side of the back of the head.
-
Misalignment of the ears, with one ear appearing pushed forward.
-
Possible facial asymmetry, including uneven cheekbones or jaw.
Impact
-
While primarily a cosmetic concern, severe cases can lead to developmental delays or require corrective treatments.
Brachycephaly
Brachycephaly is characterized by a broad, flat head shape. The back of the skull appears flattened, and the head may look wider than usual when viewed from above.
Causes:
-
Extended periods of lying on the back, especially in infants with limited movement.
-
Premature birth, where softer skull bones are more susceptible to flattening.
-
Positional habits, such as prolonged use of flat surfaces for sleeping or resting.
Appearance:
-
Flattened back of the head.
-
Increased head width compared to its length.
-
Elevated and sometimes rounded forehead.
Impact
-
Like plagiocephaly, brachycephaly is mostly a cosmetic issue. However, untreated severe cases can occasionally lead to challenges in helmet fitting or other medical devices.
Scaphocephaly
Scaphocephaly occurs when the skull is abnormally long and narrow. It is often linked to sagittal craniosynostosis, a condition in which the sagittal suture (running along the top of the head) closes prematurely.
Causes:
-
Sagittal craniosynostosis: The most common cause, where premature fusion restricts growth across the width of the skull, forcing it to grow longer.
-
Genetics: In some cases, scaphocephaly can be associated with genetic syndromes.
Appearance:
-
A noticeably elongated head shape from front to back.
-
Narrow width from side to side.
-
High, prominent forehead and sometimes a pointed back of the head.
Impact
-
Scaphocephaly often requires surgical intervention to prevent increased intracranial pressure and to allow for proper brain growth and head shape correction
bottom of page